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Contact

Kralja Petra II 45, 78000 Banja Luka+387 65 560 512krnetic@blic.netMon-Fri, 10am-1pm & 3pm-8pm

© 2026 Prof. dr Igor Krnetić

Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Terapijski pristupi

What is ACT?

ACT (Acceptance and Commitment Therapy) is a contemporary form of cognitive-behavioural therapy developed by Steven C. Hayes and colleagues. ACT is pronounced as a single word, "act", symbolising its…

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01

The central paradox of ACT

The more we try to control or eliminate unpleasant thoughts and emotions, the stronger they become. ACT teaches us an alternative path: accepting what we cannot control and focusing on what we can — our actions.

Psychological flexibility

The central goal of ACT — six interconnected processes

Acceptance

Actively and openly receiving thoughts and feelings, without trying to change or suppress them.

Cognitive defusion

The technique of "stepping back" from thoughts — observing thoughts as mental events, not as reality.

Contact with the present moment

Mindfulness — being fully present here and now, without judgement.

The observing self

You are not your thoughts or feelings — you are the "space" in which they appear.

Values

Chosen life directions — what we want to stand for and how we want to relate to the world.

Committed action

Taking concrete steps in the direction of your values, even in the presence of unpleasant thoughts.

Experiential avoidance

ACT identifies experiential avoidance as the main source of human suffering — the attempt to avoid, control or eliminate unpleasant inner experiences.

  • 01
    Avoiding situations

    Avoiding situations that trigger anxiety instead of facing them

  • 02
    Suppression with substances

    Using alcohol or drugs to suppress feelings

  • 03
    Overanalysing

    Excessive thinking or analysis in order to "solve" emotions

  • 04
    Distraction

    Constantly keeping busy so as not to feel unpleasant emotions

  • 05
    Suppression

    Actively suppressing thoughts and feelings

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04

Metaphors and techniques

How does ACT work?

The person-in-a-hole metaphor

Imagine you have fallen into a hole and been given a shovel to get yourself out. You dig, but the hole only gets deeper. The shovel (attempts at control) is part of the problem, not the solution. ACT offers an alternative — you stop digging, accept the hole and move in a meaningful direction.

Tug-of-war with the monster

Your unpleasant emotions are like a monster you are pulling against above a chasm. The harder you pull, the harder it pulls. The solution? Drop the rope. The monster is still there, but you are no longer in the struggle.

The bus with passengers

You are the bus driver. The passengers (your thoughts and emotions) shout out where to go and threaten you. You can listen to all the passengers and drive in circles, or you can acknowledge that they are there but keep driving in the direction you have chosen.

Cognitive defusion

A technique for stepping back from thoughts. Instead of "I am a failure", we practise "I notice that I am having the thought that I am a failure." This small change in wording creates psychological space between us and our thoughts, reducing their influence on behaviour.

Mindfulness exercises

ACT uses exercises of conscious presence in the present moment — observing thoughts and feelings without judgement, focusing on sensory experiences, breathing exercises. These exercises help us stay present instead of being trapped in the past or the future.

Clarifying values

Through structured exercises, we identify your life values — what truly matters to you in the areas of relationships, work, health and personal growth. These values become your compass for making decisions and guiding behaviour.

Which problems is ACT effective for?

ACT has strong scientific support for the treatment of various conditions

  • 01
    Anxiety

    Anxiety disorders and fears

  • 02
    Depression

    Depressive states and loss of motivation

  • 03
    Chronic pain

    Adjusting to and living with chronic pain

  • 04
    Stress

    Workplace stress and burnout

  • 05
    Addictions

    Addictive behaviours and habits

  • 06
    Life changes

    Transitions, losses and adjustment

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The advantages of ACT

  • 01
    A focus on life, not just symptoms

    ACT helps you live meaningfully, regardless of the presence of difficulties

  • 02
    Practical skills

    You learn concrete techniques you can apply immediately in everyday life

  • 03
    Scientific grounding

    Numerous studies confirm the effectiveness of ACT for various psychological problems

  • 04
    Flexibility of approach

    It can be combined with other therapeutic approaches for better results

  • 05
    Long-term benefits

    The skills you learn stay with you for life

  • 06
    Experiential learning

    Learning through metaphors and exercises, not just through conversation

07

What a typical session looks like

What to expect from an ACT session?

Duration and frequency

Each session lasts 50 minutes and is held once a week. A typical ACT treatment lasts 8–16 sessions, although some clients continue longer to deepen their skills. As you progress, sessions can be spaced out to every 2–3 weeks.

The first session — creative hopelessness

In the first session we explore your previous attempts to solve the problem — everything you have tried and what the results were. We often discover that the very strategies of control are part of the problem. This is not a criticism — it is the beginning of a new approach that opens the door to change.

The structure of a typical session

ACT sessions combine conversation, experiential exercises and metaphors. We work on accepting unpleasant emotions, techniques for defusing from thoughts, mindfulness exercises and clarifying life values. Sessions are interactive and practical — not just talk, but direct experience.

Work between sessions

Between sessions you practise the techniques you have learned — mindfulness exercises, writing down values, behavioural experiments in line with your values. ACT emphasises that small, everyday actions in the direction of your values are more important than large, one-off changes.

Format — in person or online

Sessions are available in person in Banja Luka or online via video call. ACT adapts excellently to the online format because it involves conversation, visualisation exercises and practical tasks that transfer easily to a digital format.

Live in line with your values

ACT can help you live a meaningful life in line with your values. Book a consultation and take the first step.

Telefon+387 65 560 512Emailkrnetic@blic.net
Radno vrijemePon – Pet · 10-13h i 15-20h
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Drugi terapijski pristupi

KBTKognitivno-bihejvioralna terapijaNajistraženiji oblik psihoterapije. Praktičan pristup za promjenu obrazaca mišljenja.REBTRacionalno-emotivna bihejvioralna terapijaAktivno-direktivni pristup za rad sa iracionalnim uvjerenjima i emocijama.CFTTerapija usmjerena saosjećanjemPosebno efikasna za samokritiku, stid i teškoće sa samoprihvatanjem.